Learning a surgical procedure online: the Peyton method revisited

In the medical world, learning a technique is more than just watching a video or reading a manual. It is a question of acquiring precise, often complex know-how, which requires rigorous pedagogy. It is in this logic that the Peyton method comes into play, an approach structured in four steps, particularly suited to the teaching of practical skills. And today, this method is finding a new life thanks to digital tools.

What is the Peyton method?

Designed by Dr. Jonathan Peyton, this method aims to break down the learning of a gesture into four progressive phases. The objective? Guarantee long-term retention and real mastery, by guiding the learner step by step.

1. Demonstration : The teacher carries out the entire gesture, without comment. This allows the learner to get an overall idea of the movement, much like watching a dancer perform a choreography for the first time.
2. Deconstruction : The gesture is then done again, but this time by explaining each step, each sub-movement, each choice. The learner understands the “why” and the “how” behind each action.
3. Active comprehension : The teacher performs the gesture again, but under the oral instructions of the learner. This reverse phase is essential: by explaining what the teacher should do, the learner checks his understanding and anchors his knowledge.
4. Standalone performance : The learner takes action and carries out the entire gesture himself. He becomes an actor in his learning, and can receive targeted feedback.

Studies, in particular that of Krautter et al. (2011), have shown that this approach promotes better memory and more reliable execution of actions in the long term.

Our numerical adaptation of the Peyton method

On our e-learning platform dedicated to surgical training, we have chosen to integrate this method step by step. The aim: to offer a complete, interactive and accessible educational experience, even remotely.

• Introduction : Before even getting into the heart of the subject, each module starts with a brief presentation of the gesture to be learned. For example, for the surgical knot, we briefly explain its purpose and the situations in which it is used.
• Guided demonstration : A second video details each step of the gesture. We present good reflexes, frequent mistakes, and points to watch out for.
• Video demonstration without comment : you are viewing a video showing the entire gesture, done in one piece, without voiceover. This allows you to focus on the smooth flow of movement.
• Self-check : You can then train by reproducing the gesture at home, based on what you have learned. You can use an auto-check tool: a checklist to assess yourself.
• Performance validated by an expert : To go further, you can submit a video to a training surgeon. This will provide personalized feedback, thus reinforcing learning through constructive feedback.

Why does this method work so well?

Because it respects the natural pace of learning. Far from improvisation or “all at once”, it segments, repeats, and actively solicits memory. By involving the learner at each stage, it transforms passive viewing into a true experience of integrating skills.

Our online adaptation aims to make this method accessible to everyone: medical students, interns, or professionals. Because learning a surgical procedure should never be reduced to a simple video. It is an active, rigorous process, and above all, within everyone's reach with the right tools.

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